University of al-Qarawiyyin, Morocco - Founded in 859 AD, recognized as the world’s oldest existing degree-granting university
University of Bologna, Italy - Established in 1088, one of the oldest universities in continuous operation
University of Oxford, United Kingdom - Founded in the late 11th century, considered one of the oldest universities in the English-speaking world
University of Salamanca, Spain - Established in 1134, it is one of the oldest universities in Europe
University of Cambridge, United Kingdom - Founded in the early 13th century, one of the world’s oldest universities
Al-Azhar University, Egypt - Established in 970 AD, renowned as one of the oldest Islamic universities
University of Padua, Italy - Founded in 1222, one of the oldest universities in Italy
University of Naples Federico II, Italy - Established in 1224, considered one of the oldest public universities
University of Paris, France - Founded in the early 12th century, one of the earliest universities in Europe. (Note: The original University of Paris was later split into multiple institutions, including the Sorbonne.)