Childhood is the purest phase of life in a human being. That is why it is important to give moral values and proper nurturing to the child. Parenting techniques play a vital role in the development of children. A child with moral values helps in the overall development and growth of a nation as children are the future of a nation. There are four types of parenting techniques, it is completely up to the parents which technique they want to adopt with their children.
These techniques are Authoritarian in which there is a high parental demand of obedience and discipline. These parents are strict and rigid and use hostile control and punishment methods for children. Authoritative means providing a nurturing and warm environment while settling firm limits and boundaries.
Permissive means practicing high parental responsiveness and low demand, these parents are supportive and understanding towards their child’s emotional needs.
Uninvolved refers to neglecting parenting, where parents are neglecting both responsiveness and demandingness from their child.
There are various characteristics and effects on children's parenting techniques:-
1) Authoritarian Parenting:-
CHARACTERISTICS
- Intense criticism of children
- Strict rules
- Lack of consideration toward children's feelings
- Strained relationship between parent and child
- High expectations
EFFECTS
- Increased unhappiness
- Low independence
- Emotional regulations
- Depression
- Poor social skills
2) Authoritative Parenting:-
CHARACTERISTICS
- Practicing flexibility
- Consistent rules
- Considering the mental health and emotions of children
EFFECTS
- Better mental health
- High self-esteem
- High academic achievements
- Positive social skills
- Healthy relationship approach
3) Permissive Parenting:-
CHARACTERISTICS
- Open communication
- Children feel free to make decisions
- Emotionally secure parent-child relationship
- Expectations are rarely set kr enforced
EFFECTS
- Dependence on parents
- Low self-esteem
- Impulsivity
- Rebellious behaviour
4) Uninvolved Parenting:-
CHARACTERISTICS
- Does not address emotional needs
- Does not set behavioural or academic expectations
- Parent-child relationship is extremely fragile or non-existent
- Little parental involvement in child’s activities
- Lack of nurturing and affection
EFFECTS
- Poor mental health
- Low self-esteem
- Low self-confidence
- Seeking validation from others
- Emotional dysregulation
- Substance use
These parenting techniques highly affect a child's personality and behaviour. Parents need to be very careful about their parenting techniques. They should keep a constant check on their child’s behaviour and personality. They need to be flexible with children with particular periods.
Children also need to cooperate with their parents and need to understand their ways. The parent-child relationship is a two-way relationship, both have to make equal efforts to make the relationship healthy. Both have to understand each other problems and situations and try to tackle them cooperatively.