The word STEM is an acronym for science, technology, engineering and mathematics. It was introduced in 2001 by the scientific administrators in the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). It is basically used in referring to those career fields that are integrated to knowledge and skills from those fields. The curriculum was based on educating students in 4-specific disciples -
- Science
- Technology
- Engineering
- Mathematics
India is the country that produces the highest number of scientists and engineers. According to the Article 51A of the Indian constitution, it is the duty of every citizen of India to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
Globally, 18% of girls in higher levels of education are pursuing STEM studies compared with 35% of boys. Even within the STEM fields there is gender divide. Although there is a similar number of boys and girls pursuing natural science, far more boys look for engineering, manufacturing and construction. In India the enrolment of girls in engineering programs is significantly lower when compared to their male counter-parts. In studies it is seen that overall in UG, PG, MPhil and PHD engineering programs the total enrolment is 36,86,291 in which 71% of enrolled students were males and 28% were females.
Why does India have so few women Scientists?
Nowadays, more and more women are earning degrees in science, but out of those just a few women want a career in STEM. Some of the few recurring reasons are-
- Responsibility related to running of households and elder care.
- Physical safety during the commute to work.
- Sexual and other types of harassment in the workplaces.
- Stressors related to marriage, childbirth etc.
- Commitment that needs to be made to the job in terms of time or outright family objection.
Also, science has been a non-traditional role for the women with the perception that it is not the profession meant for them.
Greater women participation in the technology sector will make women stronger and more influential, giving a boost to their socio-economic situation in the society. There is also a need for introducing flexible work times and gender-neutral pays to enhance women participation in STEM. There is greater need than ever for women scientists simply for the fact that women make-up nearly half the population and therefore need the products that focus on their needs as many women suffer disproportionately more side effects from various medications because clinical trials focus on men.
A nation cannot move forward unless it recognizes the strenuous efforts of women. Gender biases always destroy society and with the ongoing troubles, it is more important than ever to pave newer and better ways for women. Today, many colleges and universities aim to create opportunities such as mentorship for women in the field of science and technology. There are many great women scientists like Anandibai Gopalrao Joshi (one of the first Indian female physicians), Janaki Ammal Kakkat (an Indian botanist), Asima Chatterji (an Indian chemist noted for her work in the field of organic chemistry and phytomedicine) who went against the norms and conventions of the society, setting an example for generations to come.